How to Make Beautiful Flower Arrangements

A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the "mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to small fish and tadpoles.

Sarah had learned that ancestral (Carboniferous era) dragonfly species were much larger than extant dragonfly species are, with wingspans of 70 cm. This struck her as odd, because she had also learned that one of the things that keeps insects small is their relatively inefficient respiratory system. Which two hypotheses might help account for the large size of ancestral dragonflies?
1. If the atmosphere during the Carboniferous had featured a higher oxygen content than the modern atmosphere, then tracheae might have been sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
2. If large size was a drawback, then the large dragonflies underwent extinction, which explains why all extant dragonflies are smaller.
3. If the ancestral dragonflies had possessed muscles that permitted effective ventilation of the tracheae, then the tracheae might have been sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
4. If ancestral dragonflies existed during greenhouse conditions, then they must have survived by decreasing their activity levels, no longer capturing prey in flight. Thus, for them, an ineffective respiratory system was sufficient.

A. 1 and 4
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
E. 1 and 3

question 2
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a salt-water aquarium. Knowing that salt-water aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several gastropod varieties. Lastly, some vertebrates – a parrotfish and a clownfish – were added. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

One day, little Tommy (a student in an under-supervised class of 40 fifth graders) got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish) who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals were sticky feeling. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurse’s office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of
A. spines.
B. spicules.
C. nematocysts.
D. a radula.
E teeth marks.

question 3
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a salt-water aquarium. Knowing that salt-water aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several gastropod varieties. Lastly, some vertebrates – a parrotfish and a clownfish – were added. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

The species in the aquarium that possess true bilateral symmetry include the
1. sponges.
2. molluscs.
3. echinoderm.
4. sea anemones.
5. ectoprocts.
A. 2, 3, 4, and 5
B. 2 and 5
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 4
E. 2, 3, and 5

question 4
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a salt-water aquarium. Knowing that salt-water aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several gastropod varieties. Lastly, some vertebrates – a parrotfish and a clownfish – were added. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is, and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding
A. sponge.
B. bivalve.
C. ectoproct.
D. gastropod.
E. hydra.

question 5
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a salt-water aquarium. Knowing that salt-water aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, th

Which two hypotheses might help account for the large size of ancestral dragonflies?
1. If the atmosphere during the Carboniferous had featured a higher oxygen content than the modern atmosphere, then tracheae might have been sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
3. If the ancestral dragonflies had possessed muscles that permitted effective ventilation of the tracheae, then the tracheae might have been sufficient means for oxygen delivery to the interior tissues.
E. 1 and 3

==For all we know they may have had lungs and a closed circulatory system and only outwardly resembled extant dragonflies — not being ancestral at all. *shrug* Some fossils don’t preserve a whole lot of detail.

question 2
Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of
C. nematocysts.

question 3
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a salt-water aquarium. Knowing that salt-water aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise. First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp, several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea star, and several gastropod varieties. Lastly, some vertebrates – a parrotfish and a clownfish – were added. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

The species in the aquarium that possess true bilateral symmetry include the
2. molluscs.
5. ectoprocts.
B. 2 and 5

question 4
If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is, and how it works, the teacher would point out a feeding
C. ectoproct.

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